Purpose:
Preserve the complete history and recognize the people who helped make the project possible.
Purpose:
The Ancient Forest / Chun T’oh Whudujut Park and Protected Area is the result of decades of stewardship, advocacy, scientific research, volunteerism, and collaboration. While the Interpretive Centre features a simplified timeline highlighting the major milestones in the park’s history, this companion document provides a more detailed account of the individuals, organizations, and community groups whose efforts helped shape the project.
The information presented here is intended as a living historical record. As additional stories, photographs, and historical information are gathered, this timeline can continue to be refined to ensure the many contributions made over the years are recognized and preserved for future generations.
Historical Timeline
Time Immemorial - Present
Evidence from preserved pollen grains taken from lake-bed sediments in the Robson Valley indicate that the first western redcedar (and associated development of the inland rainforest ecosystem) occurred ca. 3000 years ago, when regional climates became cooler and wetter.
Indigenous Stewardship
For thousands of years, the Ancient Forest has formed part of the traditional territory of the Lheidli T’enneh First Nation. The forest provided medicines, plants, wildlife habitat, and places for learning, while serving as an important part of seasonal travel routes and cultural teachings. Traditional ecological knowledge and stewardship helped sustain the ecological integrity of this inland temperate rainforest and continues to guide its care today.
Late 1800s – Mid-1900s
Industrial Expansion and Landscape Change
Colonial settlement, government policies, and the residential school system disrupted traditional land use and cultural practices throughout the region. Construction of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway beginning in 1911, followed by Highway 16 and expanding forestry operations, dramatically changed the surrounding landscape. Many ancient cedar stands along the transportation corridor were lost, while communities developed along what became known as the East Line.
Mid-1980s
Early Exploration
Beginning in the mid-1980s, Prince George outdoorsman and writer Mike Nash began exploring what he referred to as Driscoll Ridge. Over the following years he introduced hikers, naturalists, and community members to the area, helping build awareness of the remarkable inland rainforest and inspiring many who would later contribute to its protection.
Late 1980s – Early 2000s
Community Awareness
Environmental organizations, including the Fraser Headwaters Alliance and the Save the Cedar League, brought broader public attention to the ecological importance of the Highway 16 corridor. Community members, local residents, and outdoor recreation groups increasingly recognized the significance of the remaining ancient western red cedar stands.
1990–present
Scientific Research
Researchers from the University of Northern British Columbia played a critical role in documenting the ecological importance of the inland temperate rainforest.
Among the most influential studies was the graduate research conducted by David Radies between 2004 and 2008 on inland rainforest lichens. His work demonstrated the exceptional ecological value of the forest and contributed significantly to public and government awareness. Dave also played a critical role in working together with local communities in drafting early plans for the ancient forest trail.
Other researchers, including Aita Bezzola, Curtis Björk, David Connell, Darwyn Coxson, Stephen Dery, Trevor Goward and numerous UNBC students, expanded scientific understanding of the ecosystem through studies of biodiversity, ecology, climate, visitor use, and conservation planning.
Early 2000s
Protecting Block 486
As proposed logging approached the area now known as the Ancient Forest Trail, timber harvesting plans identified as Block 486 raised significant concern among local residents and researchers.
Members of the Dome Creek Forest Information Committee led by Hugh Perkins, local residents, researchers from UNBC, and volunteers worked together to advocate for protection of the area. Their collective efforts helped shift attention toward conservation and laid the foundation for future trail development and park designation.
During this period the province led by Shannon Carson at the then Integrated Land Management Bureau established additional Old Growth Management Areas in the Robson Valley.
2005–2012
Building the Trails
Concern for the future of the Ancient Forest inspired an extraordinary volunteer effort.
Working together, the Dome Creek Forest Information Committee, Caledonia Ramblers Hiking Club, Friends of the Ancient Forest, local volunteers, and numerous community supporters designed and constructed the first trail network through the forest.
Nowell Senior provided leadership for development of the trail system and later the universally accessible boardwalk, while Dave King helped coordinate construction efforts. Volunteers manually transported thousands of pounds of lumber through the forest to build trails that protected sensitive root systems while allowing visitors to experience the ecosystem.
Support from organizations including the McBride Community Forest and local Rotary Clubs helped supply materials and logistical assistance throughout construction.
2008–2016
Building Support
The Ancient Forest Trail continued to attract visitors, researchers, educators, and volunteers. Visitor monitoring conducted by David Connell documented the rapid growth in public interest. Dr Connell’s Ancient Forest Research Bulletins provided a key source of information about combined research and community efforts at the trail.
The Lheidli T’enneh First Nation became increasingly involved in the evolution of the park following an Elders gathering held at the Ancient Forest in 2008, strengthening the connection between cultural stewardship and future park development.
In 2008 the BC Forest Practices Board, acting on a complaint from the Dome Creek Forest Information Committee, the Prince George Backcountry Society, and Save‐The‐Cedar League, investigated the impacts of forestry practices on ancient cedar stands in the Robson Valley, calling in their final report for better management and protection of ancient cedar stands.
In 2011, Darwyn Coxson, Trevor Goward, and Dave Connell published Analysis of Ancient Western Redcedar Stands in the Upper Fraser River Watershed and Scenarios for Protection, providing one of the first comprehensive scientific proposals outlining potential park boundaries.
Shirley Bond, the local MLA at the time, listening to these community concerns and facilitated meetings and consultation with staff in government ministries. This led to a formal review of the park proposal by Gretchen Prystawik in the BC Ministry of Forest Lands and Natural Resources Operations.
In 2015 the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding committing the parties to creation of a new BC provincial park, the MOU signed by Chief Dominic (“Domo”) Frederick (Lheidli T’enneh First Nation), Nowell Senior (Caledonia Ramblers), and MLA Shirley Bond.
2015–2016
Establishing the Park
Following years of community advocacy, scientific research, volunteer leadership, and collaboration between many organizations, the Government of British Columbia established Ancient Forest / Chun T’oh Whudujut Park and Protected Area as an 11,190-hectare Class A Provincial Park in 2016.
At the urging of then Chief Dominic (“Domo”) Frederick, park boundaries were established running from the Fraser River at low elevations to the height of land on Driscoll Ridge.
The park’s dual name recognizes both its globally significant inland rainforest ecosystem and its cultural connection to the Lheidli T’enneh First Nation.
2018–Present
Stewardship Through Partnership
In 2018, Lheidli T’enneh First Nation and BC Parks signed a Memorandum of Understanding to guide the future stewardship and development of the park through collaboration.
Research, monitoring, and visitor planning have continued through partnerships involving BC Parks, researchers, and community organizations.
The Ancient Forest Enhancement Project
Building upon decades of stewardship and community effort, Lheidli T’enneh First Nation launched the Ancient Forest Enhancement Project to enhance visitor experiences while sharing Indigenous culture, language, and history.
The project includes construction of the Ancient Forest Interpretive Centre, cultural interpretation, educational programming, and future boardwalk enhancements, ensuring visitors continue to learn from both the ecological significance of the forest and the enduring relationship between the Lheidli T’enneh and the land.
Words from Lheidli Elders
Marcel Gagnon-
Marcel here from a Lheidli T’enneh Band Member point of view . My Gramma Margaret Gagnon was born 1914 she lived to be 95 going on 96 but she would tell us stories about the land of the Giant Trees and how small they would feel compared to those giant trees up there in that forest of them going east of PG she would say she use to go with few of are band trappers/hunters as are ppl trapped and also hunted caribou and elk as elk was introduced in the 1920’s even though the elk were already here but they brought in more to make a bigger population of them east of PG.
But back in the late 1920’s and 1930’s 1940’s..1950’s they would make there way all the way up to the McGregor Mountains to trap and hunt and did they go around come back down by railroad east of PG I’m not sure I cant remember wat route she would say they did lots of walking and few pack horses i remember her saying . But they would go into those Giant Cedar stands for trapping/hunting reasons was it in wat we call the ancient forest today im not sure but I would think very close to it from her stories of east of PG. She would tell me go ask old August Quaw and Alex Paul sr. went also before he went to war. Other trapper/hunters she named was Morris Quaw…Patrick John…Henry Dick…Fred Pas…Steven Jail…and many more of course from are Band but they roamed all throughout that whole region hunting and trapping gathering are own meds we used.
Also got to remember 70 to 90% of them old cedars were logged all thru out there back in the day the ancient forest was saved by fluke other wise it would have been logged as well. Us Carriers didn’t stay put my ppl in those times explored pretty much every direction from PG to meet up with neighboring tribes to trade and barter with she would say Lheidli who was called the Fort George band in those times and McLeod lake would hold Indian days from the 1920′ up to the 1950’s they would take turns every year at each other’s Rez to hold them and along the McGregor and Rocky mountain Ranges my ppl roamed as well. In 1914 the year my gramma was born the railway line was also completed from McBride to PG so they most likely used the railway line as there rd and the actual highway was put in in the late 1960’s early 70’s. That’s lil history of where and what are ppl would do in are lands and are territories as i remember my grammas stories from the late 70’s about it.
I’m also a faller 42 years this year now i been a faller i did falling timber up thru that area back 1985ish into the 90’s for few logging shows and falling timber on forest fires all throughout that area I seen many big cedars and fell them but again was no mention of an ancient forest in those times i would tell my gramma i was falling east of PG and she would say how big are they i would tell her and she would say there’s bigger ones yet watch for the giant trees when up that way working or hunting and she would say are ppl and her referred to them as land of the Giant Trees.
Acknowledgement of Contributors
The Ancient Forest / Chun T’oh Whudujut Park and Protected Area is the result of countless contributions made over many decades. While no historical record can capture every individual effort, the following organizations, groups, and individuals played important roles in shaping the park’s history.
Indigenous Leadership
- Lheidli T’enneh First Nation
- Elders, Knowledge Keepers, leadership, staff, and community members
Community Organizations
- Caledonia Ramblers Hiking Club
- Friends of the Ancient Forest
- Forest Practices Board
- Fraser Headwaters Alliance
- Dome Creek Forest Information Committee
- Fraser Headwaters Alliance
- Save the Cedar League
- McBride Community Forest
- Local Rotary Clubs
Research and Education
- University of Northern British Columbia (UNBC)
- Faculty, researchers, graduate students, and volunteers who contributed to ecological research and visitor studies
Government and Agency Partners
- BC Parks
- Ministry of Environment
- Ministry of Forests
- Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management
- Integrated Land Management Bureau
- Government of British Columbia
Firms/Businesses
- Scott K Architecture – Architects of the Ancient Forest Interpretive Centre
- PRD Construction – Construction of the Ancient Forest Interpretive Centre
- HCMA – Signage at the Ancient Forest Interpretive Centre
Individuals Recognized Within the Historical Record
The Lheidli T’enneh First Nation recognizes that many additional volunteers, researchers, government staff, local residents, contractors, educators, donors, and supporters have contributed to the success of the Ancient Forest over the years. As this historical record continues to evolve, further contributions and stories will be incorporated to ensure the history of the park reflects the collaborative effort that made its protection possible.
Contributors Through the Years
- Aita Bezzola – UNBC
- Alex Paul Sr. – Lheidli T’enneh Elder
- August Quaw – Lheidli T’enneh Elder
- Bruce Fraser – Forest Practices Board
- Charles Scott – UNBC
- Christopher Konchalski – UNBC
- Curtis Bjork – Beaty Biodiversity Museum (UBC)
- Darlene McIntosh – Ancient Forest Working Group
- Darwyn Coxson – UNBC
- Dave King – Caledonia Ramblers Hiking Club
- David Connell – UNBC
- David Radies – UNBC
- Deryl-lynn Seymour – Ancient Forest Working Group
- Dolleen Logan – Chief of Lheidli T’enneh First Nation (**years)
- Dominic Frederick – Chief of Lheidli T’enneh First Nation (**years)
- Duncan Gouchie – Ancient Forest Working Group
- Edie Frederick – Ancient Forest Working Group
- Elissa Gagnon – Ancient Forest Working Group
- Fred Pas – Lheidli T’enneh Elder
- Henry Dick – Lheidli T’enneh Elder
- Hugh Perkins – Dome Creek
- Jessica Shapiro – UNBC
- Jordan Contois – Lheidli T’enneh First Nation Project Coordinator for AFIC
- Karyn Sharp – Lheidli T’enneh First Nation Project Manager for AFIC(**years)
- Kenora Stewart – Ancient Forest Working Group
- Kym Gouchie – Ancient Forest Working Group
- Laurie McIntosh – Ancient Forest Working Group
- Marcel Gagnon – Ancient Forest Working Group
- Mike Gouchie – Ancient Forest Working Group
- Mike Nash
- Michelle Connelly – UNBC
- Nowell Senior – Caledonia Ramblers Hiking Club
- Patrick John – Lheidli T’enneh Elder
- Rena Zatorski – Lheidli T’enneh First Nation
- Robert Bird – Ancient Forest Working Group
- Roland Frederick – Ancient Forest Working Group
- Russ Purvis – Ancient Forest Working Group
- Sarah Boyd – UNBC
- Shannon Carson – BC Provincial Government
- Shirley Bond – MLA (2001-2024)
- Stephen Déry – UNBC
- Steven Jail – Lheidli T’enneh Elder
- Susan Bird – Ancient Forest Working Group
- Trevor Goward – Beaty Biodiversity Museum (UBC)
References and Sources List
Government Records & Legislation
- BC Parks & Ministry of Environment: Complete management framework and community updates for the ecosystem are archived on the BC Parks Management Planning Portal and the official Ancient Forest/Chun T’oh Whudujut Park Information Page.
- Government of British Columbia: The official announcement of the 11,190-hectare Class A park designation is documented in the BC Government News Archive (March 2016 Press Release) and the legislative discussions preserved in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia Official Hansard Reports.
- BC Campus Open Education: The contextual framework and political proposal outlining the park co-management strategy and future UNESCO World Heritage Site goals are detailed under the BC Land Use Planning Documentation.
Indigenous Stewardship
- Lheidli T’enneh First Nation: Traditional territory mappings, linguistic cultural naming conventions, and natural resource stewardship frameworks are maintained by the Lheidli T’enneh Natural Resources Department.
Academic & Scientific Research
- University of Northern British Columbia (UNBC): Botanical discoveries, biodiversity assessments, and ecosystem studies led by university faculty and graduate students are cataloged via the UNBC Newsroom Research Database and the student-led reporting resource Over the Edge Publication.
Community Advocacy & Volunteer Organizations
- Caledonia Ramblers Hiking Society: Trail engineering archives, volunteer boardwalk building timelines, and community outreach presentation schedules are documented on the Caledonia Ramblers Events Index and the historic builder archives featured by the Federation of Mountain Clubs of BC. [
- Ancient Forest Alliance (AFA): Regional conservation history, grassroots environmental campaigning timelines, and logging block intervention records are compiled within the Ancient Forest Alliance Media Gallery and their Provincial Forest Policy Tracking Reports.
- Dome Creek Forest Information Committee: Early community grassroots history and regional watershed protection campaigns from the 1990s onward are synthesized in regional chronicles on Miss604 Vancouver Blog.